Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma for a basic understanding of cancer biology and its translation into efficient therapies

Table 2 Transgenic models of HNSCC

Transgenic modification	Promotor	Anatomical site	Prevalence	Onset (months)	Reference
Spontaneous models
E6/E7/mrasR12	K14	OC	100	3–4	[44]
KrasG12/TP53^del/del	K14	T	100	< 1	[45]
KrasG12/KLF4^del/del	K14	T	21	< 1	[46]
KrasG12/SMAD4^wt/del	K14	OC	n.a.	3–4	[47]
SMAD4^del/del	K14	OC	74	10	[47]
4NQO-induced models
GRHL3^del/del	K14	OC, L, P	40	3–4	[48]
PTEN^del/del	K14	OC	100	1–2	[49]
miR-211	K14	T	n.a.	3	[50, 51]
miR-31	K14	T	80	3	[52]

Abbreviations: K14 keratin 14, OC oral cavity, T tongue, L larynx, P pharynx, n.a. not available

ISSN: 2059-7347